India's Nuclear Energy Mission: A Step Towards 100 GW by 2047
Introduction
India has taken a significant step toward energy security with the announcement of the Nuclear Energy Mission in the Union Budget 2025-26. With an outlay of ₹20,000 crore, the government aims to accelerate nuclear energy development to meet the growing electricity demand and achieve its clean energy goals. This mission is a pivotal component of India's energy transition plan, aligning with the goal of 100 GW nuclear energy capacity by 2047.
Current Status of Nuclear Energy in India
As of 2024, India's nuclear energy capacity stands at 8 GW, contributing less than 2% of the total energy mix.
The government plans to increase nuclear energy production to at least 100 GW by 2047.
The initiative emphasizes the development of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which will play a crucial role in expanding nuclear power capacity.
Key Highlights of the Nuclear Energy Mission
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs):
SMRs are reactors with a capacity of up to 300 MW, significantly smaller than traditional 700 MW reactors.
Their modular design allows faster assembly and cost-effective deployment.
At least five indigenously developed SMRs are expected to be operational by 2033.
Private Sector Collaboration:
Amendments to the Atomic Energy Act, 1962, to facilitate private sector participation in nuclear power.
Proposed changes to the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, ensuring better compensation mechanisms in case of nuclear incidents.
Financial and Policy Reforms:
The government aims to improve the financial health of electricity distribution companies (DISCOMs) by incentivizing states to implement distribution reforms.
States implementing reforms will have an increased borrowing capacity of 0.5% of their GDP.
National Manufacturing Mission for Clean Energy:
Focus on indigenous production of electrolysers for green hydrogen, lithium-ion batteries, solar photovoltaic cells, and wind turbines.
Enhancing India’s role in the global clean energy supply chain.
Importance of Nuclear Energy in India's Energy Transition
Reduces dependence on fossil fuels, helping achieve the 500 GW non-fossil fuel target by 2030.
Ensures energy security, minimizing reliance on coal and imported fuels.
Eco-friendly solution, contributing to India's commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070.
Challenges and Solutions
Challenges:
Public concerns about nuclear safety.
High initial investment and long gestation period.
Global monopoly over nuclear technology.
Government's Approach:
Strict regulatory framework and safety protocols.
Encouraging indigenous nuclear technology development.
Public awareness campaigns to address safety concerns.
Conclusion
India’s Nuclear Energy Mission is a transformative initiative that will propel the nation toward energy security and sustainability. The push for 100 GW of nuclear power by 2047, along with private sector participation and indigenous manufacturing, is set to redefine India’s energy landscape. As the nation transitions toward a cleaner and more resilient energy future, nuclear power will play a pivotal role in shaping India’s energy independence.
By : team atharvaexamwise
